Innovation

Recovering and reflying boosters cut launch cost per kilogram enough to make new businesses viable. The second-order effects matter more than the savings.

Most granted patents are never commercialised. The path from filing to product runs through licensing, capital and factory scale-up.

Lithium batteries solved hours of storage. Days and weeks remain unsolved, and the candidate technologies have very different physics and economics.

The cost of a medicine is set long before launch, by failure rates, trial design and patent strategy. Understanding that chain explains the pricing fight.